Dr Rosie Woodroffe

Curriculum Vitae:

• 2007-present: Senior Research Fellow: Institute of Zoology, ZSL, London.
• 2007: Professor of Conservation Biology, Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, USA (Associate Professor 2005-7, Assistant Professor 2001-5).
• 1998-2001: Lecturer in Ecology & Epidemiology, University of Warwick.
• 1994-8: Research Fellow, Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge.
• 1993-4: Research Associate, Institute of Zoology, ZSL, London.
• 1989-92: D.Phil. University of Oxford.
• 1986-89: B.A. University of Oxford.
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Professional Recognition:

• 2007-present: Member of IUCN/SSC Species Conservation Planning Task Force.
• 2008: Chair’s Citation of Excellence, IUCN Species Survival Commission.
• 2005-present: Member of Steering Group on the conservation and management of large carnivores, Kenya Wildlife Service.
• 1996-present: Member of IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group (CSG). Coordinator of CSG Infectious Disease Working Group 1998-2004, and coordinator of African Wild Dog Working Group 2004-present.
• 1996-present: Member of IUCN/SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group.
• 1998-2007: Member of the Independent Scientific Group on Tuberculosis in Cattle, Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, Great Britain.
• 2006-11: Chancellor’s Fellowship, University of California, Davis.
• 2004-7: Member of Island Fox Recovery Team, US Fish & Wildlife Service.
• 2002-6: Series Editor, Cambridge University Press Conservation Biology book series.
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Research Interests:

My research falls at the interface of conservation biology, disease ecology, and animal behaviour. As a consequence, my work is highly inter-disciplinary and involves collaboration with a wide array of colleagues from pathologists to economists. My doctoral research, and some of my post-doctoral work, was in behavioural ecology, and although for the last ten years my research has been concerned primarily with conservation biology and wildlife management, it is still pervaded by a strong behavioural theme. I have a strong commitment to using science to influence both policy and conservation action. For this reason, most of the research questions that I pose are applied in nature; however several have turned out to have fundamental importance in ecology.

The conservation of wildlife that conflicts with people

Some species are rapidly extirpated in human-dominated landscapes, while others thrive. Understanding the causes of such variation not only directs conservation effort towards the the most vulnerable species, but also helps identify the form that such effort should take. Some years ago, I showed that large mammalian carnivores’ vulnerability to extinction inside protected areas is related to their ranging behaviour: wide-ranging species tend to wander beyond park boundaries where they are frequently killed by local people, undermining the conservation effectiveness of protected areas. Such “edge effects” threaten many species which range widely. For large carnivores, this means that protected areas are often insufficient to conserve viable populations: resolving conflicts with local people living outside parks is also essential. Recognising this need, I have conducted research on both the ecological drivers of human-wildlife conflicts (mainly in African carnivores including wild dogs and lions), and on technical measures to resolve such conflicts.

Infectious disease in ecology and conservation

Transmission of infectious disease between wildlife and livestock represents a particularly complex form of human-wildlife conflict. I have been extensively involved in research on the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB), between badgers and cattle in the UK, having been a member of the team which designed and oversaw the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (to my knowledge the largest manipulative ecological experiment ever conducted). Both observational and experimental evidence indicate substantial transmission of M. bovis from badgers to cattle and simple epidemiological models predict that reducing badger density by culling should reduce both badger-badger and badger-cattle transmission. However, our research showed that culling also disrupted badgers’ social and territorial organisation, apparently increasing rather than reducing contact rates. As a result, culling drives increases in TB prevalence in badgers, and can also prompt increased TB incidence in cattle. Additional data strongly suggest substantial transmission of M. bovis from cattle to badgers. From a management perspective, this body of research suggests that improving TB control among cattle offers greater hope of success than does badger culling, and we advised Defra Ministers of this in 2007. More generally, however, it highlights the importance of behaviour in patterns of disease transmission, and also challenges the traditional paradigm of a single “reservoir host” from which infection “spills over” into other host species.
These same themes apply to the dynamics of pathogens which threaten endangered host species. In African wild dogs, for example, social organisation accelerates the spread of rabies virus within packs, but greatly reduces spread between packs, influencing the expected impact of disease on free-ranging populations. I am conducting research in the rangelands of northern Kenya to develop sustainable tools to protect wild dog populations from disease-induced extinction.

Species conservation planning

Several of the general themes of my research cut across my involvement in conservation planning for particular species. I coordinate the African wild dog working group of the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group and have been particularly active in international conservation planning for this species. I was also involved in drafting a United States Fish & Wildlife Service recovery plan for the critically endangered California channel island fox, and a national framework for large carnivore conservation and management with the Kenya Wildlife Service. More recently, I was part of the IUCN/SSC Task Force on Species Conservation Planning.
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Publications:

Journal Articles and Refereed Book Chapters

Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Wei, G., Cox, D.R., Bourne, F.J., Burke, T., Butlin, R.K., Cheeseman, C.L., Gettinby, G., Gilks, P., Hedges, S., Jenkins, H.E., Johnston, W.T., McInerney, J.P., Morrison, W.I., & Pope, L.C. (2009) Social group size affects Mycobacterium bovis infection in European badgers (Meles meles). Journal of Animal Ecology.

Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Cox, D.R., Gilks, P., Jenkins, H.E., Johnston, W.T., Le Fevre, A.M., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Gettinby, G., Hewinson R.G., McInerney, J.P., Mitchell, A.P., Morrison, W.I. & Watkins, G.H. (2009). Bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers in localized culling areas. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45: 128-143.

Woodroffe, R., Chapman, K. & Lemusana, E. (in press). Solitary breeding in an African wild dog. African Journal of Ecology.

Swarts, H.M., Crooks, K.R., Willits, N. & Woodroffe, R. (2009). Possible contemporary evolution in an endangered species, the Santa Cruz Island fox. Animal Conservation 12: 120-127.

Carter, S.P., Roy, S.S., Cowan, D.P., Massei, G., Smith, G.C., Ji, W., Rossi, S., Woodroffe, R., Wilson, G.J. & Delahay, R.J. (2009). Options for the control of disease 2: targeting hosts. In: Delahay, R.J., Hutchings, M.R. & Smith, G.C. (eds). Management of disease in wild mammals. London: Springer.

Member of editorial team for: IUCN/SSC (2008). Strategic planning for species conservation: a handbook. Version 1.0. Gland: IUCN/SSC. Including the following peer-reviewed chapters:

• Woodroffe, R., Hedges, S., Mallon, D., Miller, P., Lacy, R., McGowan, P., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Dublin, H. & Garshelis, D. Objectives. pp 47-56.
• Woodroffe, R., Hedges, S., Kinnaird, M., Sillero-Zubiri, C., & Miller, P. Actions. pp 57-74.
• Woodroffe, R. & Durant, S. Using a species conservation strategy to develop national or local action plans. pp 75-79.
• Hedges, S., Dublin, H., Garshelis, D., Lacy, R., Mallon, D., Miller, P., McGowan, P., Sanderson, E., Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Woodroffe, R. A framework for strategic planning for species conservation. pp 4-10.
• Hedges, S., Emslie, R., Mallon, D., Medici, P. & Woodroffe, R. Who should be involved in developing a species conservation strategy? pp 17-20.
• Hedges, S., Sanderson, E., Woodroffe, R. & Mallon, D. Vision and goals. pp 39-46.
  Sanderson, E., Woodroffe, R., Hedges, S., Mallon, D., McGowan, P.& Garshelis, D. Status review. pp 21-38.

Woodroffe, R., Gilks, P., Johnston, W.T., Le Fevre, A.M., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2008). Effects of culling on badger abundance: implications for tuberculosis control. Journal of Zoology 274: 28-37.

Jenkins, H.E., Woodroffe, R. & Donnelly, C.A. (2008). The effects of annual widespread badger culls on cattle tuberculosis following the cessation of culling. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12: 457-465.

Jenkins, H.E., Morrison, W.I., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Johnston, W.T., Bourne, F.J., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P., Watkins, G.H. & Woodroffe, R., (2008). The prevalence, distribution and severity of pathological lesions in badgers naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Epidemiology and Infection 136: 1350-1361.

Sutherland, W. J., Bailey, M. J., Bainbridge, I. P., Brereton, T., Dick, J. T. A., Drewitt, J., Dulvy, N. K., Dusic, N. R., Freckleton, R. P., Gaston, K. J., Gilder, P. M., Green, R. E., Heathwaite, L., Johnson, S. M., Macdonald, D. W., Mitchell, R., Osborn, D., Owen, R. P., Pretty, J., Prior, S. V., Prosser, H., Pullin, A. S., Rose, P., Stott, A., Tew, T., Thomas, C. D., Thompson, D. B. A., Vickery, J. A., Walker, M., Walmsley, C., Warrington, S., Watkinson, A. R., Williams, R. J., Woodroffe, R. & Woodroof, H. J. (2008). Future novel threats and opportunities facing UK biodiversity identified by horizon scanning. Journal of Applied Ecology.

McNutt, J.W. & Woodroffe, R. (in press). Lycaon pictus. In: Kingdon, J.S. & Hoffmann, M. (Eds). The Mammals of Africa Vol 5. Carnivora, Pholidota, Perissodactyla. In: Kingdon, J., Butynski, T. and Happold, D. (Eds). The Mammals of Africa Vols 1-6. Academic Press, Amsterdam.

Woodroffe, R., Lindsey, P.A., Romañach, S.S. & ole Ranah, S.M.K. (2007). African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) can subsist on small prey: implications for conservation. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 181-193.

Woodroffe, R., Davies-Mostert, H., Ginsberg, J., Graf, J., Leigh, K., McCreery, K., Mills, G., Pole, A., Rasmussen, G., Robbins, R., Somers, M. & Szykman, M. (2007). Rates and causes of mortality in endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus): lessons for management and monitoring. Oryx 41: 1-9.

Jenkins, H.E., Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Cox, D.R., Johnston, W.T., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Gettinby, G., Gilks, P., Hewinson, R.G., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2007). Effects of culling on spatial associations of Mycobacterium bovis infections in badgers and cattle. Journal of Applied Ecology 44: 897-908.

Clifford, D.L., Woodroffe, R., Garcelon, D.K., Timm, S.F. & Mazet, J.A.K. (2007). Using pregnancy rates and perinatal mortality to evaluate success of recovery strategies in endangered island foxes. Animal Conservation 10: 442-451.

Pope, L.C., Butlin, R.K., Wilson, G.J., Woodroffe, R., Erven, K., Conyers, C.M., Franklin, T. Delahay, R.J., Cheeseman, C.L., & Burke, T. (2007). Genetic evidence that culling increases badger movement: implications for the spread of bovine TB. Molecular Ecology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03553.x

Donnelly, C.A., Gao Wei, Johnston, W.T., Cox, D.R., Woodroffe, R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Gettinby, G., Gilks, P., Jenkins, H., Le Fevre, A.M., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2007). Impacts of widespread badger culling on cattle tuberculosis: concluding analyses from a large-scale field trial. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 11: 300-308.

Lindsey, P.A., Alexander, R., Mills, M.G.L., Romañach, S.S. & Woodroffe, R. (2007). Wildlife viewing preferences of visitors to protected areas in South Africa: implications for the role of ecotourism in conservation. Journal of Ecotourism 6: 19-33.

Romañach, S.S., Lindsey, P.A., Woodroffe, R. (2007). Deteriminants of attitudes towards predators in central Kenya and suggestions for increasing tolerance in livestock dominated landscapes. Oryx 41: 185-195.

Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Jenkins, H.E., Johnston, W.T., Cox, D.R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Delahay, R.J., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Gettinby, G., Gilks, P., Hewinson, R.G., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2006). Culling and cattle controls influence tuberculosis risk for badgers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103: 14713-14717.

Woodroffe, R., Frank, L.G., Lindsey, P.A., ole Ranah, S.M.K. & Romañach, S.S., (2006). Tools for conserving large carnivores in Africa’s community rangelands: a case-control study of livestock husbandry. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 1245-1260.

Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Cox, D.R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Delahay, R.J., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2006). Effects of culling on badger (Meles meles) spatial organization: implications for the control of bovine tuberculosis. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 1-10.

Donnelly, C.A., Woodroffe, R., Cox, D.R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Gao Wei, Gettinby, G., Gilks, P., Jenkins, H., Johnston, W.T., Le Fevre, A.M., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2006). Positive and negative effects of widespread badger culling on cattle tuberculosis. Nature 439: 843-846.

Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S. & Rabinowitz, A. (2005). People and wildlife: conflict or coexistence? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Including the following refereed chapters:

• Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S. & Rabinowitz, A. The impact of human:wildlife conflict on natural systems.
• Thirgood, S., Woodroffe, R., & Rabinowitz, A. The impact of threatened wildlife on human lives and livelihoods.
• Frank, L.G., Woodroffe, R. & Ogada, M.O. People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya.
• Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S. & Rabinowitz, A. The future of coexistence: resolving human-wildlife conflicts in a changing world.

Woodroffe, R., Donnelly, C.A., Johnston, W.T., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Clifton-Hadley, R.S., Cox, D.R., Gettinby, G., Hewinson, R.G., Le Fevre, A.M., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2005). Spatial association of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and badgers (Meles meles). Journal of Applied Ecology 42: 852-862.

Woodroffe, R., Lindsey, P., Romanach, S.R., Stein, A. & ole Ranah, S.M.K. (2005). Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya. Biological Conservation 124: 225-234.

Woodroffe, R. & Frank, L.G. (2005). Lethal control of African lions (Panthera leo): local and regional population impacts. Animal Conservation 8: 91-98.

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J. R. (2005). King of the beasts? Evidence for guild redundancy among large mammalian carnivores. In: Large Carnivores and Biodiversity: Does saving one conserve the other? J. C. Ray, J. Berger, K.H. Redford & R. Steneck (eds). Island Press.

Woodroffe, R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Gettinby, G, McInerney, J.P., & Morrison, W.I. (2005). Welfare of badgers (Meles meles) subjected to culling: development and evaluation of a closed season. Animal Welfare 14: 19-25.

Woodroffe, R., Bourne, F.J., Cheeseman, C.L., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Gettinby, G, McInerney, J.P., & Morrison, W.I. (2005) . Welfare of badgers (Meles meles) subjected to culling: patterns of trap-related injury. Animal Welfare 14: 11-17.

Cox, D. R., Donnelly, C. A., Bourne F. J., Gettinby G., McInerney J.P., Morrison W.I., and Woodroffe, R. (2005). Simple model for tuberculosis in cattle and badgers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102: 17588-17593.

Johnston, W. T., Gettinby, G., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Bourne, J., Clifton-Hadley, R., Le Fevre, A. M., McInerney, J. P., Mitchell, A., Morrison, W. I. & Woodroffe, R. (2005) Herd-level risk factors associated with tuberculosis breakdowns among cattle herds in England before the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic. Biology Letters 1: 53-56.

Bakker, V.J., Garcelon, D.K., Aschehoug, E.T., Crooks, K.R., Newman, C., Schmidt, G.A., Van Vuren, D.H. & Woodroffe, R. (2005). Current status of the Santa Cruz Island fox (Urocyon littoralis santacruzae). In: Garcelon, D.K. & Schwemm, C.A. Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium pp 275-286. Arcata: Institute for Wildlife Studies.

Troyer, J.L., Pecon-Slattery, J., Roelke, M.E., Johnson, W., VandeWoude, S., Vazquez-Salat, N., Brown, M., Frank, L., Woodroffe, R., Winterbach, C., Winterbach, H., Hemson, G., Bush, M., Alexander, K.A., & O’Brien, S.J. (2005). Seroprevalence and genomic divergence of circulating strains of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) among Felidae and Hyaenidae species. Journal of Virology 79: 8282-8294.

Woodroffe, R., Cleaveland, S., Courtenay, D.O., Laurenson, M.K. & Artois, M. (2004). Infectious disease in the management and conservation of wild canids. In: The Biology & Conservation of Wild Canids pp 123-142; D.W. Macdonald & C. Sillero-Zubiri (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Woodroffe, R., McNutt, J.W. & Mills, M.G.L. (2004). The African wild dog. In: Wild canids: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan pp 174-183; C. Sillero & D.W Macdonald (Eds). Gland: IUCN.

Laurenson, M.K., Cleaveland S., Artois, M. & Woodroffe, R. (2004). Canids and disease. In: Wild canids: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan pp 246-256; C. Sillero & D.W Macdonald (Eds). Gland: IUCN.

Courchamp, F. Woodroffe, R & Roemer, G. (2003). Removing protected populations to save endangered species. Science 302: 1532.

Donnelly, C. A., Woodroffe, R., Cox, D.R., Bourne, J., Gettinby, G., Le Fevre, A. M., McInerney, J. P. & Morrison, W. I. (2003) Impact of localized badger culling on TB incidence in British cattle. Nature 426: 834-837.

Ogada, M.O., Woodroffe, R., Oguge, N. & Frank, L.G. (2003). Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conservation Biology 17: 1521-1530.
Frank, L.G., Simpson, D. & Woodroffe, R. (2003). Foot snares: an effective method for capturing African lions. Wildlife Society Bulletin 39: 309-314.

Woodroffe, R. (2003). Dispersal and conservation: a behavioural perspective on metapopulation persistence. In: Ethology and Conservation; M Festa-Bianchet & M. Apollonio (Eds). Island Press.

Woodroffe, R., Bourne, F.J., Donnelly, C.A., Cox, D.R., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P. & Morrison, W.I. (2003). Towards a sustainable policy to control TB in cattle. In: Conservation and Conflict: Mammals and Farming in Britain; Tattersall, F. & Manley, W. (Eds). London: Linnean Society.

Domingo-Roura, X., Macdonald, D.W., Roy, M.S., Marmi, J., Terradas, J., Woodroffe, R., Burke, T. & Wayne. R.K. (2003). Confirmation of low genetic diversity and multiple breeding females in a social group of Eurasian badgers from microsatellite and field data. Molecular Ecology 12: 533-539.

Gog, J., Woodroffe, R. & Swinton, J. (2002). Disease in endangered metapopulations – the importance of alternative hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – Series B, Biological Sciences 269: 671-676.

Hawkins, C.E. Dallas, J.F., Fowler, P.A, Woodroffe, R. & Racey, P.A. (2002). Transient masculinization in the fossa, Cryptoprocta ferox (Carnivora, Viverridae). Biology of Reproduction.

Cleaveland, S., Hess, G.R., Dobson, A.P., Laurenson, M.K., McCallum, H.I., Roberts, M.G. & Woodroffe, R. (2002). The role of pathogens in biological conservation. In: The Ecology of Wildlife Disease, Hudson, P.J., Rizzoli, A. Grenfell, B. & Heesterbeck, H. (Eds). pp. 139-150. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Woodroffe. R. (2001). Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs. Oryx 35: 234-244.

Harcourt, A.H., Parks, S.A. & Woodroffe, R. (2001). The human landscape as an influence on species/area relationships: Double jeopardy for small reserves? Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 1011-1026.

Woodroffe, R. (2001). Strategies for carnivore conservation: Lessons from contemporary extinctions. In: Carnivore Conservation; J.L. Gittleman, R.K. Wayne, D.W. Macdonald & S.M. Funk (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (2001). Badgers. In: The New Encyclopaedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Frank, L.G. & Woodroffe, R. (2001). Behaviour of carnivores in controlled and exploited populations. In: Carnivore Conservation; J.L. Gittleman, R.K. Wayne, D.W. Macdonald & S.M. Funk (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Woodroffe, R. (2001). Conservation efforts for terrestrial mammals. In: Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity; S. Levin, G. Daily, R.K. Colwell, J. Lubchenco, H.A. Mooney, E-D. Schulze & D. Tilman (Eds). San Diego: Academic Press.
Woodroffe, R. (2000). Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal Conservation 3: 165-173.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (2000) Helpers provide no detectable benefits in the European badger (Meles meles). Journal of Zoology 250: 113-119.

Bourne, J., Donnelly, C.A., Cox, D.R., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P., Morrison, I. & Woodroffe, R. (2000) Bovine tuberculosis: towards a future control strategy. Veterinary Record 146: 207-210.

Morrison, W.I., Bourne, F.J., Cox, D.R., Donnelly, C.A., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J.P. & Woodroffe, R. (2000) Pathogenesis and diagnosis of infections with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Veterinary Record 146: 236-242.

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (2000). Ranging behaviour and extinction in carnivores: how behaviour affects species vulnerability. pp. 125-140 in: Behaviour & Conservation; L.M. Gosling & W.J. Sutherland (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Woodroffe, R. (1999). Managing disease threats to wild mammals. Animal Conservation 2: 185-193.

Woodroffe, R., Frost, S.D.W. & Clifton-Hadley, R. (1999). Attempts to control tuberculosis in cattle by removing infected badgers: constraints imposed by live test sensitivity. Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 494-501.

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1999) Conserving the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus: I. Diagnosing and treating causes of decline. Oryx 33: 132-142.

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1999) Conserving the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus: II. Is there a rôle for reintroduction? Oryx 33: 143-151.

Johnstone, R.A., Woodroffe, R., Cant, M. & Wright, J. (1999). Reproductive skew in multimember groups. American Naturalist 153: 315-331.

Macdonald, D.W., Anwar, M.A., Newman, C., Woodroffe, R. & Johnson, P.J. (1999). Inter-annual differences in the age-related prevalences of Babesia and Trypanosoma parasites of European badgers (Meles meles). Journal of Zoology 247: 65-70.

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1998). Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science 280: 2126-2128.

Krebs, J.R., Anderson, R.M., Clutton-Brock, T.H., Donelly, C.A., Frost, S., Morrison, W.I., Woodroffe, R. & Young, D. (1998). Badgers and bovine TB: conflicts between conservation and health. Science 279: 817-818.

Woodroffe, R., Macdonald, D.W. & Cheeseman, C.L. (1997). Endocrine correlates of contrasting male mating strategies in the European badger, Meles meles. Journal of Zoology *24*1: 291-300.

Woodroffe, R., Ginsberg, J.R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1997). The African wild dog – Status survey and conservation action plan. Gland: I.U.C.N., including refereed chapters:

• Woodroffe, R. (1997). The conservation implications of immobilizing, radio-collaring and vaccinating free-ranging wild dogs.
• Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1997). Past and future causes of wild dogs’ population decline.
• Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1997). Measures for the conservation and management of free-ranging wild dog populations.
• Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J.R. (1997). The rôle of captive breeding and reintroduction in wild dog conservation.
• Fanshawe, J.H., Ginsberg, J.R., Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Woodroffe, R. (1997). The status and distribution of remaining wild dog populations.
• Ginsberg, J.R. & Woodroffe, R. (1997). Extinction risks faced by remaining wild dog populations.

Woodroffe, R. (1995). Body condition affects implantation date in the European badger, Meles meles. Journal of Zoology 236: 183-188.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1995). Female/female competition in European Badgers, Meles meles: Effects on breeding success. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 12-20.

Woodroffe, R., Macdonald, D.W. and da Silva, J. (1995). Dispersal and philopatry in the European badger, Meles meles. Journal of Zoology 237: 227-239.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1995). Costs of breeding status in the European badger, Meles meles. Journal of Zoology 235: 237-245.

Woodroffe, R. & Vincent, A. (1994). Mother’s little helpers: patterns of male care in mammals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 294-297.

Woodroffe, R. (1993). Alloparental behaviour in the European Badger. Animal Behaviour 46: 413-415.

da Silva, J., Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1993). Habitat, food availability and the social structure of the Eurasian Badger, Meles meles. Oecologia 95: 558-564.

Doncaster, C.P. & Woodroffe, R. (1993). Den site can determine shape and size of badger territories: implications for group-living. Oikos 66: 88-93.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1993). Badger sociality - models of spatial grouping. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 65: 145-169.

Woodroffe, R. & Macdonald, D.W. (1992). Badger clans: demographic groups in an antisocial species. Journal of Zoology, London 227: 696-698.

Reports:

• IUCN/SSC (2009). Regional conservation strategy for the cheetah and African wild dog in southrn Africa Gland: IUCN/SSC (part of editorial team).
• IUCN/SSC (2008). Regional conservation strategy for the cheetah and African wild dog in eastern Africa Gland: IUCN/SSC (part of editorial team).
• Woodroffe, R. & Chapman, K. (2008). African wild dogs and African people – Conservation through coexistence. Eighth annual report of the Samburu-Laikipia Wild Dog Project.
• Woodroffe, R. & Chapman, K. (2007). African wild dogs and African people – Conservation through coexistence. Seventh annual report of the Samburu-Laikipia Wild Dog Project.
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